Normal Memory Changes vs. When to Talk to a Doctor
Occasional forgetfulness is common with age. Learn the difference between typical changes and signs worth discussing with your doctor, plus tips for staying organized.
The short version
- Occasionally misplacing things or forgetting a name is common with age.
- Changes that affect daily life or keep getting worse are worth discussing with a doctor.
- Many causes of memory problems, such as medication side effects or vitamin deficiencies, can be addressed.
In this guide
Walking into a room and forgetting why, or struggling to recall the name of an actor, happens to almost everyone, and it can happen more often as we age. These moments can feel worrying, but many changes in memory are a normal part of getting older. Knowing the difference between typical forgetfulness and signs that deserve attention can bring peace of mind.
This article is general information and cannot tell you what is causing a specific change. Only a health care professional can evaluate that.
Common age-related changes
According to the National Institute on Aging, typical changes may include:
- Occasionally forgetting where you put things, like your glasses or keys
- Sometimes forgetting a name and remembering it later
- Needing a little more time to learn new things or recall information
- Occasionally missing a monthly payment
- Sometimes searching for the right word
These usually do not interfere much with daily life, and people typically remain able to manage their own affairs.
Changes worth discussing with a doctor
The NIA and the Alzheimer's Association describe signs that are worth bringing up with a doctor, including:
- Asking the same questions over and over
- Getting lost in places you know well
- Having trouble following recipes or directions you have used many times
- Becoming confused about time, people or places
- Difficulty managing money or paying bills that was not a problem before
- Withdrawing from work or social activities
- Changes in mood or personality
- Problems with judgment, such as falling for scams
If you or someone close to you notices changes like these, it is a good idea to talk with a doctor rather than wait.
Many causes can be addressed
Memory problems are not always caused by dementia. Other possible causes include:
- Side effects of medications
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Thyroid problems
- Sleep problems
- Depression, anxiety or stress
- Dehydration or infections
- Alcohol use
A doctor can look into these possibilities.
How to prepare for the appointment
- Write down the changes you have noticed, when they started and examples.
- Bring a list of all medications and supplements.
- Ask a family member or friend who knows you well to come along.
- Mention any changes in mood, sleep or daily activities.
The doctor may ask questions, do a brief memory screening, order blood tests or refer you to a specialist. Medicare's Annual Wellness Visit includes a check for cognitive changes.
Everyday tools that help
- Keep a routine. Doing things at the same time each day makes them easier to remember.
- Use a calendar or planner for appointments and tasks.
- Make lists for shopping, errands and to-dos.
- Keep important items in one place, such as a bowl by the door for keys and glasses.
- Use reminders on your phone or a smart speaker.
- Use a pill organizer for medications.
- Focus on one thing at a time.
Habits that support overall brain health
Regular physical activity, managing blood pressure, getting enough sleep, staying socially connected, eating a healthy diet and keeping your mind engaged are all part of a healthy lifestyle. Protecting your hearing and vision also helps you stay engaged with the world.
For family members
If you are worried about a loved one, approach the conversation gently and privately. Focus on specific observations and offer to go with them to an appointment. The Alzheimer's Association runs a 24/7 Helpline at 1-800-272-3900 for questions and support.
